183
+ − 1
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+ − 2
Version 2, June 1991
+ − 3
+ − 4
Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ − 5
59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
+ − 6
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
+ − 7
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+ − 8
+ − 9
Preamble
+ − 10
+ − 11
The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
+ − 12
freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
+ − 13
License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
+ − 14
software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This
+ − 15
General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
+ − 16
Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
+ − 17
using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
+ − 18
the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to
+ − 19
your programs, too.
+ − 20
+ − 21
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
+ − 22
price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
+ − 23
have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
+ − 24
this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
+ − 25
if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
+ − 26
in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
+ − 27
+ − 28
To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
+ − 29
anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
+ − 30
These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
+ − 31
distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
+ − 32
+ − 33
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
+ − 34
gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
+ − 35
you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
+ − 36
source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their
+ − 37
rights.
+ − 38
+ − 39
We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
+ − 40
(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
+ − 41
distribute and/or modify the software.
+ − 42
+ − 43
Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
+ − 44
that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
+ − 45
software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
+ − 46
want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
+ − 47
that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
+ − 48
authors' reputations.
+ − 49
+ − 50
Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
+ − 51
patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
+ − 52
program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
+ − 53
program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
+ − 54
patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
+ − 55
+ − 56
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
+ − 57
modification follow.
+ − 58
+ − 59
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+ − 60
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
+ − 61
+ − 62
0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains
+ − 63
a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
+ − 64
under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below,
+ − 65
refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program"
+ − 66
means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
+ − 67
that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,
+ − 68
either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
+ − 69
language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
+ − 70
the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you".
+ − 71
+ − 72
Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
+ − 73
covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of
+ − 74
running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
+ − 75
is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
+ − 76
Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
+ − 77
Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
4
+ − 78
183
+ − 79
1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
+ − 80
source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
+ − 81
conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
+ − 82
copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
+ − 83
notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
+ − 84
and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
+ − 85
along with the Program.
+ − 86
+ − 87
You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
+ − 88
you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
+ − 89
+ − 90
2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
+ − 91
of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
+ − 92
distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
+ − 93
above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
+ − 94
+ − 95
a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
+ − 96
stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
+ − 97
+ − 98
b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
+ − 99
whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
+ − 100
part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
+ − 101
parties under the terms of this License.
+ − 102
+ − 103
c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
+ − 104
when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
+ − 105
interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
+ − 106
announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
+ − 107
notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
+ − 108
a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
+ − 109
these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
+ − 110
License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
+ − 111
does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
+ − 112
the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
+ − 113
+ − 114
These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
+ − 115
identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
+ − 116
and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
+ − 117
themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
+ − 118
sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you
+ − 119
distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
+ − 120
on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
+ − 121
this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
+ − 122
entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
+ − 123
+ − 124
Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
+ − 125
your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
+ − 126
exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
+ − 127
collective works based on the Program.
+ − 128
+ − 129
In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
+ − 130
with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
+ − 131
a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
+ − 132
the scope of this License.
+ − 133
+ − 134
3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
+ − 135
under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
+ − 136
Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
+ − 137
+ − 138
a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
+ − 139
source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections
+ − 140
1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
+ − 141
+ − 142
b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
+ − 143
years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
+ − 144
cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
+ − 145
machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
+ − 146
distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
+ − 147
customarily used for software interchange; or,
+ − 148
+ − 149
c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
+ − 150
to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is
+ − 151
allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
+ − 152
received the program in object code or executable form with such
+ − 153
an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
+ − 154
+ − 155
The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
+ − 156
making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source
+ − 157
code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
+ − 158
associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to
+ − 159
control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a
+ − 160
special exception, the source code distributed need not include
+ − 161
anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary
+ − 162
form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the
+ − 163
operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component
+ − 164
itself accompanies the executable.
4
+ − 165
183
+ − 166
If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
+ − 167
access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
+ − 168
access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
+ − 169
distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
+ − 170
compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
+ − 171
+ − 172
4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
+ − 173
except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
+ − 174
otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
+ − 175
void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
+ − 176
However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
+ − 177
this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
+ − 178
parties remain in full compliance.
+ − 179
+ − 180
5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
+ − 181
signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
+ − 182
distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are
+ − 183
prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by
+ − 184
modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
+ − 185
Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
+ − 186
all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
+ − 187
the Program or works based on it.
+ − 188
+ − 189
6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
+ − 190
Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
+ − 191
original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
+ − 192
these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further
+ − 193
restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
+ − 194
You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
+ − 195
this License.
+ − 196
+ − 197
7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
+ − 198
infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
+ − 199
conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
+ − 200
otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
+ − 201
excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot
+ − 202
distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
+ − 203
License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
+ − 204
may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent
+ − 205
license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
+ − 206
all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
+ − 207
the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
+ − 208
refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
+ − 209
+ − 210
If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
+ − 211
any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
+ − 212
apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
+ − 213
circumstances.
+ − 214
+ − 215
It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
+ − 216
patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
+ − 217
such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
+ − 218
integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
+ − 219
implemented by public license practices. Many people have made
+ − 220
generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
+ − 221
through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
+ − 222
system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
+ − 223
to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
+ − 224
impose that choice.
+ − 225
+ − 226
This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
+ − 227
be a consequence of the rest of this License.
+ − 228
+ − 229
8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
+ − 230
certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
+ − 231
original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
+ − 232
may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
+ − 233
those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
+ − 234
countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates
+ − 235
the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
+ − 236
+ − 237
9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
+ − 238
of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
+ − 239
be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
+ − 240
address new problems or concerns.
+ − 241
+ − 242
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
+ − 243
specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any
+ − 244
later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions
+ − 245
either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
+ − 246
Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of
+ − 247
this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
+ − 248
Foundation.
4
+ − 249
183
+ − 250
10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
+ − 251
programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
+ − 252
to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free
+ − 253
Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
+ − 254
make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals
+ − 255
of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
+ − 256
of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
+ − 257
+ − 258
NO WARRANTY
+ − 259
+ − 260
11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
+ − 261
FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN
+ − 262
OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
+ − 263
PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
+ − 264
OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+ − 265
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS
+ − 266
TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE
+ − 267
PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
+ − 268
REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
+ − 269
+ − 270
12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
+ − 271
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
+ − 272
REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
+ − 273
INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
+ − 274
OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
+ − 275
TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
+ − 276
YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
+ − 277
PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
+ − 278
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
+ − 279
+ − 280
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+ − 281
+ − 282
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
+ − 283
+ − 284
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
+ − 285
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
+ − 286
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
+ − 287
+ − 288
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
+ − 289
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
+ − 290
convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
+ − 291
the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
+ − 292
+ − 293
<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
+ − 294
Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
+ − 295
+ − 296
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ − 297
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ − 298
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ − 299
(at your option) any later version.
+ − 300
+ − 301
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ − 302
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ − 303
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ − 304
GNU General Public License for more details.
+ − 305
+ − 306
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ − 307
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ − 308
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
+ − 309
+ − 310
+ − 311
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
+ − 312
+ − 313
If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
+ − 314
when it starts in an interactive mode:
+ − 315
+ − 316
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author
+ − 317
Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
+ − 318
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
+ − 319
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
+ − 320
+ − 321
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
+ − 322
parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may
+ − 323
be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be
+ − 324
mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program.
+ − 325
+ − 326
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
+ − 327
school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
+ − 328
necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
+ − 329
+ − 330
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
+ − 331
`Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
+ − 332
+ − 333
<signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
+ − 334
Ty Coon, President of Vice
+ − 335
+ − 336
This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
+ − 337
proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may
+ − 338
consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
+ − 339
library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General
+ − 340
Public License instead of this License.